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Butanone 78-93-3
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2-Butanone is a stable, highly flammable chemical. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis and reducing agents. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet taste. 2-Butanone is produced in large quantities. It is used as a solvent in almost half of its uses in paints and other coatings because it evaporates quickly into the air and dissolves many substances. It is also used in glues and detergents.
| describe | 2-Butanone is a stable, highly flammable chemical. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis and reducing agents. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet odour. 2-Butanone is produced in large quantities. It is used as a solvent in almost half of its uses in paints and other coatings because it evaporates quickly into the air and dissolves many substances. It is also used in glues and detergents. |
| chemical properties | Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is a colorless liquid with a moderately sharp, minty or acetone-like odor. It has a solubility in water up to 28% by weight and is miscible with many other organic solvents. The lower explosion limit is 1.4%, and the upper explosion limit is 11.4%. Methyl ethyl ketone may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, amines, ammonia, mineral acids, caustics, isocyanates and pyridine. For industrial use, care must be taken when handling methyl ethyl ketone as it is a flammable liquid NIOSH Class IB (2010). |
| physical properties | 2-Butanone is a clear, colorless, volatile, highly flammable liquid with a sweet, minty, or acetone-like odor. The odor threshold concentration is 10.0 ppmv (Leonardos et al., 1969). The experimentally determined threshold concentrations for odor detection and recognition are 5.8 mg/m3 (2.0 ppmv) and 16 mg/m3 (5.4 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis and reducing agents. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet taste. 2-Butanone is produced in large quantities. It is used as a solvent in almost half of its uses in paints and other coatings because it evaporates quickly into the air and dissolves many substances. It is also used in glues and detergents. |
| occurrence frequency | It is reported as an impurity in wood distillate oil and black tea oil (ether extracted); it is also present in coffee, cheese, bread, some citrus oils, and some other natural products (grapes, raspberries). |
| use | Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone, ethyl methyl ketone, methyl acetone) is a relatively low toxicity organic solvent found in many applications. It is used in industrial and commercial products as a solvent for adhesives, paints, cleaners, and as a dewaxing solvent. Methyl ethyl ketone is a natural component of some foods that can be released into the environment through volcanoes and forest fires. It is used in the production of smokeless powder and colorless synthetic resins, as a solvent and surface coating. It is also used as a flavoring agent in food. |
| use | MEK is used as a solvent in a variety of coating systems such as vinyl coatings, adhesives, nitrocellulose coatings, and acrylic coatings. It is used in paint strippers, varnishes, varnishes, spray paints, sealants, adhesives, tapes, printing inks, resins, turpentine, cleaning solutions and polymers. It is found in other consumer products such as household cement and cement and wood-filling products. MEK is used in degreasing, metal degreasing, the production of synthetic leather, transparent paper and aluminum foil, and as a chemical intermediate and catalyst. It is an extraction solvent in food processing and food ingredients. MEK can also be used to sterilize surgical and dental equipment. In addition to manufacturing activities, sources of MEK in the environment include emissions from jet and internal combustion engines and industrial activities such as coal gasification. Cigarette smoke contains large amounts of it. MEK is biologically produced and identified as a product of microbial metabolism. It is also present in plants, insect pheromones, and animal tissues, and MEK may be a secondary product of normal mammalian metabolism. Stable under normal conditions, but peroxides may form during long-term storage; these may explode. |
| use | 2-Butanone is an eye irritant that has been used as a water-soluble photocatalyst for the photochemical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA). As a solvent; in the surface coating industry; smokeless gunpowder production; colorless synthetic resins. |
| definition | ChEBI: Dialkyl ketones are four-carbon ketones with a single ketone group at the C-2 position. |
| production method | Commercially, methyl ethyl ketone is produced from n-butene in a metal-catalyzed hydrogenation reaction via the intermediate formation of 2-butanol. The second synthesis method involves the liquid-phase oxidation of n-butane and the formation of acetic acid as a by-product. |
| definition | Colorless volatile liquid ketone. Produced by the oxidation of butane and used as a solvent. |
| Prepare | Catalytic dehydrogenation from sec-butanol; reduction of 2,3-butanediol by reflux with 25% H2SO4 solution. Industrially, it can also be prepared by controlled oxidation of butane, carbonization of calcium acetate and calcium propionate, or reflux of methyl acetoacetate and dilute H2SO4. |
| taste threshold | Flavor profile at 5 ppm: chemical-like and green fruity. |
| general instructions | Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is a colorless liquid with a sweet and pungent odor. Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, benzene, water. It is a common solvent mixed with acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, toluene or alcohol. It is used in lubricating oil surface coating and dewaxing industries. MEK is used in the production of colorless synthetic resins, artificial leather, rubber, lacquers, varnishes and glues. |
| air and water reaction | Very flammable. Slightly soluble in water. |
| reaction profile | Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts and water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat produced per mole of amine during neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organic substances, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides and acid halides. Amines combined with strong reducing agents such as hydrides can produce flammable hydrogen gas. Ketones react with many acids and bases, releasing heat and flammable gases (such as hydrogen). The heat may be sufficient to ignite the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrites to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, |
| Danger | Flammable, fire and explosion hazard. Toxic if swallowed. |
| bad | Occupational workers are exposed to 2-butanone by breathing contaminated air in workplaces associated with the manufacture or use of paints, glues, coatings or cleaners. Prolonged exposure to 2-butanone can cause poisoning symptoms, such as coughing, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, dermatitis, irritation to the nose, throat, skin and eyes. Very high concentrations can cause drooping eyelids, uncoordinated muscle movements, incapacitation. Consciousness and birth defects. Chronic inhalation studies in animals have reported mild neurological, hepatic, renal and respiratory effects. However, there is limited information about the chronic (long-term) effects of 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) in humans. |
| bad | The acute toxicity of methyl ethyl ketone is low. Exposure to high concentrations can cause headache, dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting and numbness of extremities. Eyes, nose and throat may also be irritated. Methyl ethyl ketone is considered to have adequate warning properties. Repeated or prolonged skin exposure to methyl ethyl ketone may result in loss of skin lipids leading to cracking, secondary infection and dermatitis. This compound has not been found to be carcinogenic or reproductive or developmental toxic to humans. Methyl ethyl ketone has shown developmental toxicity in multiple animal tests |
| fire hazard | Flammable/combustible materials. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors can reach sources of ignition and re-ignite. Most vapors are heavier than air. They spread along the ground and accumulate in low or narrow areas (culverts, basements, storage tanks). Vapor explosions are dangerous indoors, outdoors, or in sewers. Pour into sewer may cause fire. Container may explode if heated. There are many liquids lighter than water. |
| Flammable and explosive | Methyl ethyl ketone is highly flammable (NFPA Rating = 3) and its vapors can travel considerable distances to an ignition source and "build up." MEK vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations between 1.9% and 11% by volume. MEK fires should be extinguished using a carbon dioxide or dry chemical fire extinguisher. |
| chemical reaction | No reaction with water; Reactivity with common materials: No reaction; Transport stability: Stable; Acid neutralizers and caustic alkalis: Not suitable; Coincidence: Not suitable; Polymerization inhibitors: Not suitable. |
| Pharmacological effects | Rats showed anticonvulsant activity at an oral dose of 805 mg MEK/kg, significantly slowing isoniacin-hydrazine-induced convulsive seizures and providing 60% protection against electroconvulsive seizures, but not against tetrazole-induced convulsions (Kohli , Kishor), Dua and Saxena, 1967). Golubev (1969) reported that 0.25M-MEK caused pupil contraction in rabbits. MEK and other volatile substances isolated from human urine and injected intravenously into rabbits would damage cerebral arteries and blood vessel edges and cause increased capillary permeability. However, Does not alter blood glucose permeability (Mabuchi, 1969). In dogs, MEK causes vomiting, muscle weakness, and the formation of large amounts of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals in the urine (Verstraete, van der Stock, & Mattheeuws, 1964). Administration of a combination of MBK and MEK (1:3) to guinea pigs increased the urinary excretion of the MBK metabolites 2-hexanol and 2,5-hexanedione (Couri, Abdel-Rahman & Hetland, 1976). If the neurotoxic effects of MBK are mediated by metabolites, then stimulation of MBK metabolism by simultaneous exposure to MEK may help explain the apparent enhancement of neurotoxicity observed with combined MBK/MEK exposure (Hetland et al., 1976). |
| Security overview | Moderately toxic by ingestion, skin contact and intraperitoneal routes. Systemic effects in humans after inhalation: Conjunctival irritation and unspecified effects on nose and respiratory system. An experimental teratogen. Strong stimulant. Causes eye irritation at 350 ppm. Affects the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. Highly flammable liquid. Reacts with hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid to form explosive products sensitive to heat and shock. Fires on contact with potassium tert-butoxide. Mixtures with 2-propanol can produce explosive peroxides during storage. Reacts violently with chloroform + alkali. Incompatible with chlorosulfonic acid and fuming sulfuric acid. When fighting fire, use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide and dry chemical. Used in the manufacture of drugs of abuse. When heated and decomposed, spicy smoke is released. |
| Possibility of contact | MEK is used as a solvent in the production of nitrocellulose paint and vinyl films; in the production of smokeless gunpowder; in cements and adhesives and in the removal of lubricants. It is also an intermediate in pharmaceutical production. |
| Carcinogenic properties | Although MEK has not been subjected to 2-year biological testing in rodents, there is little indication that the material is carcinogenic. When used as transport vehicles in skin carcinogenicity bioassays for organosulfur compounds, Horton et al. The study found that coadministration of benzyl disulfide or phenylbenzylthiophene in 25-29% MEK dodecylbenzene solution did not increase the incidence of benign cutaneous papillomas in male C3H/HeJ mice. Mice used in the experiments were treated with test solutions containing MEK twice weekly for 52 weeks. |
| source | Improper disposal of cleaning fluids, adhesives, paints, varnishes and laboratory solvents. PVC cement leachate for connecting pipes (Wang and Bricker, 1979). Also present in cigarette smoke (500 ppm) and gasoline engine exhaust (<0.1–2.6 ppm) (Verschueren, 1983). The gas-phase exhaust emission rates for California Phase II retrofitted gasoline vehicles (with and without catalytic converters) were 0.47 mg/km and 32 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002). Sauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates from conventional combustion in residential areas (fireplaces), oak and eucalyptus trees for volatile organic compounds, gas phase semi-volatile organic compounds and particulate phase organic compounds. The gas phase emission rate of 2-butanone is 215 mg/kg for burning pine, 115 mg/kg for burning oak, and 77 mg/kg for burning eucalyptus. |
| environmental fate | biology. After a delay of approximately 5 h, 2-butanone in activated sludge (30 mg/L) decomposes at a constant rate between 0.021 and 0.025/h (Urano and Kato, 1986). Bridie et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 2.03 and 2.31 g/g using filtered wastewater from a biosanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using the standard dilution method at 20°C over 5 days. The ThOD of 2-butanone is 2.44 g/g. Biodegradability was measured using the BOD technique, and the 5-day average BOD (mM BOD/mM 2-butanone) and ThOD values were 3.23 and 58.7%, respectively (Vaishnav et al., 1987). Photolysis. In synthetic air containing gaseous nitrite and exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300–450 nm), 2-butanone is photochemically converted to peroxyacetyl nitrate and methyl nitrate (Cox et al., 1980). They reported a rate constant of 2.6 x 10 -12 cm 3 /molecule sec for the reaction of 2-butane gas with OH radicals and a rate constant of 8 x 10 -12 cm 3 / molecule sec for the reaction of ethylene with OH radicals. Second. OH radical. Photooxidation initiated by OH radicals of 2-butanone in the smoke chamber produces peroxyacetyl nitrate and acetaldehyde (Cox et al., 1981). It is reported that the rate constants of 2-butanone reacting with OH radicals in the atmosphere and water are 1.15 x 10 -13 respectively and 1.50 x 10 -13 cm respectively 3 /molecule? Second (Wallington and Kurylo, 1987; Wallington et al., 1988a). The rate constant for the reaction of 2-butanone radical and OH in the atmosphere at 300 K is 2.0 x 10 cm 3 / mol·sec (Hendry and Kenley, 1979). Cox et al. (1981) reported a photooxidative half-life of 2.3 days for the reaction of 2-butanone radicals with OH in the atmosphere. Chemistry/Physics. 2-Butanone will not be hydrolyzed because it does not have hydrolyzable functional groups (Kollig, 1993). Combustion in air produces carbon monoxide (incomplete combustion), carbon dioxide and water vapour. When the influent concentration is 1.0 g/L, the effluent concentration after treatment with GAC is 532 mg/L. The carbon used has an adsorption capacity of 94 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974). |
| storehouse | 2-Butanone needs to be protected from moisture. |
| Shipping | UN1193 Methyl ethyl ketone or ethyl methyl ketone, hazard class: 3; label: 3 - Flammable liquid. |
| Toxicity assessment | Little is known about the mechanisms of MEK toxicity. Relatively high inhalation concentrations of 1475–29 500 mg m-3 (500–10 000 ppm) cause pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypertension in dogs and cats. There are some case reports of neurological effects in humans from exposure to large amounts of MEK mixed with other solvents, and animal studies have demonstrated a synergistic effect between MEK and ethyl n-butyl ketone. , methyl n-butyl ketone, n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, 2,5-hexanedione and chloroform. The main target organs involved in toxic interactions are the nervous system and liver, although the lungs were also mentioned. |
| incompatible | May form explosive mixture with air. Reacts violently with strong oxidants, amines, ammonia, inorganic acids; caustics, isocyanates, pyridine. Incompatible with potassium tert-butoxide, 2-propanol, chlorosulfonic acid; oleum. Attacks some types of plastics. Ketones are incompatible with oxidizing agents (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, potassium permanganate, perchlorate, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fire or explosion. Keep away from bases, strong bases, strong acids, oxo acids, epoxides, ammonium nitrates, azos, diazos, azides, carbamates, organic cyanides |
| waste disposal | Consult environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable remedies. Those who generate waste (≥100 kg/month) containing this contaminant must comply with EPA regulations governing the storage, transportation, handling and disposal of waste. burn |
| Precaution | The mixture of 2-butanone vapor and air is explosive. Reacts violently with strong oxidants and inorganic acids, causing fires and explosions. |
| Products and ingredients used in the preparation of 2-butanone |
| raw material | 甲醇 --> 过氧化氢 --> 氧化锌 --> 氯化钯 --> 硫酸盐标准品 --> 正丁烷 --> 异丁苯 --> 1-丁烯 --> 2-丁醇 --> 亚铬酸铜 - - > 氯化铜溶液 --> 一套 5 个铜合金盘（直径 35 毫米，厚度 2 毫米） --> 锌青铜对 --> 氢还原催化剂 |
| 成品 | 2-苯氧基乙脒盐酸盐 --> 阿利扎必利-- > 3-甲基苯并呋喃-2-甲酸 --> 苯并呋喃-2-甲酸--> 4-(氨基甲基)吡啶-2-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯--> 3-氨基-5,6-二甲基-3H-噻吩基[2,3-D]嘧啶-4-酮-->光盘基材改性PMMA共聚物-->过氧化2-丁酮--> 1-(3-氨基-苯并呋喃- 2-YL)-乙酮--> 2-苯并呋喃甲酸乙酯--> 5-甲氧基苯并呋喃-2-硼酸--> (5,6-二甲基噻吩基[2,3-D]嘧啶-4-YL)-肼--> Axit 2-碘-异烟碱--> (2-叔丁氧基甲酰胺-吡啶-4-YL)甲基磺酸酯 --> 3',4'-(二辛氧基)苯甲醛 --> DL-异亮氨酸 --> 丙硫磷 --> 香豆磷 --> 仲丁胺 -- > Dầu bánh răng công nghiệp --> 沙奎那韦 --> 二甲基乙二肟 --> 4-氯-5,6-二甲基噻吩[2,3-D]嘧啶 --> 2,3-戊二酮 --> Dầu bánh răng công nghiệp , tải trọng - -> 叶黄素 --> 5,6-二甲基噻吩基[2,3-D]嘧啶-4(3H)-ONE --> 叔丁基 4-(羟甲基)吡啶-2-氨基甲酸酯 -->2-氨基-4,5-二甲基噻吩-3-羧酸乙酯 --> 阿斯特拉松粉红 FG --> Dầu bánh răng công nghiệp, tải trung --> 2-(氨基羰基)烟酸 --> 2-氨基-4, 5-二甲基噻吩-3- 甲腈--> 仲丁胺 --> 米库 氯铵--> 苯菌 灵--> 2,3-丁二酮单 肟--> 羧甲氧基胺半盐酸盐 --> 3-甲基-1-戊炔-3 -ol --> 2,3-二甲基吲哚 |
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