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Acetone 67-64-1

Acetone 67-64-1

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Acetone (also known as acetone, dimethylketone, 2-propanone, 2-propanone, and beta-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the ketone family. It is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid.
Acetone is miscible with water and is an important laboratory solvent for cleaning purposes. Acetone is an efficient solvent for many organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform, pyridine, etc., and is also the active ingredient in nail polish remover. It is also used in the manufacture of various plastics, fibers, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.

introduce Acetone (also known as acetone, dimethylketone, 2-propanone, 2-propanone, and beta-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the ketone family. It is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid.
Acetone is miscible with water and is an important laboratory solvent for cleaning purposes. Acetone is an efficient solvent for many organic compounds such as methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform, pyridine, etc., and is also the active ingredient in nail polish remover. It's also used to make a variety of plastics, fibers, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals.
Acetone occurs naturally in the Free State. In plants, it mainly exists in essential oils, such as tea oil, rosin essential oil, citrus oil, etc.; human urine and blood, animal urine, and marine animal tissues and body fluids contain a small amount of acetone.
use
  • Important organic raw material in chemical industry, man-made fiber, medicine, coating, plastic, organic glass, cosmetics and other industries; excellent organic solvent, soluble in resin, cellulose acetate, acetylene and other organic products.
  • It is an important raw material for the synthesis of ketene, acetic anhydride, iodoform, polyisoprene rubber, methacrylic acid, methyl ester, chloroform, epoxy resin, etc.
  • Acetone cyanohydrin obtained by the reaction of acetone and hydrocyanic acid is the raw material of methacrylic resin (plexiglass).
  • Raw material for the production of epoxy resin intermediate bisphenol A.
  • In medicine, in addition to vitamin C, acetone is also used as an extraction agent for multiple vitamins and hormones, and as a dewaxing solvent for petroleum refining.
  • Raw materials of nail polish remover in cosmetics
  • One of the raw materials for the synthesis of pyrethroids in the pesticide industry
  • The precision copper tube industry often uses acetone to wipe the black ink on the copper tube.
Production In 1913, the British developed a method of fermenting grains to produce acetone and butanol. In 1920, the dehydrogenation of isopropanol (synthesized from propylene hydration) appeared. From 1953 to 1955, the American Hercules Company and the British Distilling Company jointly developed the cumene process. Since then, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands have also developed other methods. Currently, most of the industrial production of acetone (and phenol) worldwide uses the cumene method, which uses benzene and propylene as raw materials, and oxidizes and hydrolyzes the cumene intermediate to produce acetone and co-produce phenol.
Acetone Reaction 1
Acetone is mainly used as an organic solvent and methyl methacrylate (the main raw material for plexiglass). In the United States and Western Europe, the two account for 70% of total consumption. It is used for bisphenol A, accounting for 10% to 15%, and others account for 15% to 20%.
Acetone Reaction 2
health effects Summary : Acetone is primarily responsible for its depressant and anesthetic effects on the central nervous system, and exposure to high concentrations of acetone may cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and pancreas in certain populations. Because of its low toxicity and fast metabolism and detoxification, acute poisoning is rare under production conditions. In case of acute poisoning, symptoms such as vomiting, shortness of breath, paralysis, and even coma may occur. After oral administration, burning sensation on the lips and throat may occur several hours later, such as dry mouth, vomiting, drowsiness, acidity and ketosis, and even temporary disturbance of consciousness. The long-term damage of acetone to the human body is manifested as tearing, photophobia, corneal epithelial infiltration and other irritations to the eyes, as well as dizziness, burning sensation,

metabolism in the body : after acetone is absorbed by the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, due to its water solubility High, it is easily absorbed into the blood and quickly distributed throughout the body. Excretion depends on dose. When the dose is large, the main route is mainly through the lungs and kidneys, and a very small amount is excreted through the skin. When the dose is small, most of it is oxidized to carbon dioxide. The biological half-life of acetone in blood is 5.3 hours for rats, 11 hours for dogs and 3 hours for humans. Most of the metabolites of acetone in the human body are tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, which are decomposed into acetoacetate and converted into glycogen.
describe Acetone is a flammable, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is widely used as organic solvent and chemical industry. It is the simplest ketone, also known as dimethyl ketone (DMK). Acetone was originally called pyroacetic alcohol because it was obtained by the dry distillation of acetate and acetic acid.
chemical properties Acetone, CH3COCH3, also known as 2-propanone and dimethyl ketone, is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 56°C (133 OF). It is miscible with water and is commonly used as a solvent in the manufacture of varnishes and paints.
physical properties Transparent, colorless, sweet, aromatic liquid. The taste is sweet. Odor threshold concentrations range from 42 ppm v (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990) to 100 ppm v (Leonardos et al., 1969). The experimentally determined threshold concentrations for detection and identification of odors are 48 mg/m 3 (20 ppm v ) and 78 mg/m 3 (33 ppm v ) respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).    
occur Reported in apples, pears, grapes, pineapples, strawberries, raspberries, tomatoes, currants, citrus, onions, and potatoes; also reported in cocoa leaves, quinoa, and cilantro and lavender oils kind of substance. It has been reported to be found in trace amounts in bitter orange oil, distilled spirits and coffee aromas
history The traditional method of producing acetone in the 19th and early 20th centuries was by distillation of acetates, specifically calcium acetate Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 .
Weizmann discovered a process for the production of butanol and acetone using Clostridium acetobutylicum in 1914. Due to Britain's desperate need for acetone, Winston Churchill (1874-1965) hired Weizmann to develop the Weizmann process for industrial-scale acetone production. Beginning in the 1950s, fermentation and distillation techniques for acetone production were replaced by cumene oxidation processes. During this process, cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is then broken down into acetone and phenol using acid. This is the main method for producing phenol, in which a by-product acetone is produced in a ratio of about 0.6:1 acetone to phenol.
use Acetone has several uses in the chemical industry. The main use of acetone is to produce acetone cyanohydrin, which is then used to produce methyl methacrylate (MMA). Another use of acetone in the chemical industry is in the production of bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is the result of the condensation reaction of acetone and phenol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. BPA is used in polycarbonate plastics, polyurethanes and epoxies. Polycarbonate plastic is tough and durable and is often used as a replacement for glass.
In addition to its use as a chemical raw material and intermediate, acetone is also widely used as an organic solvent in varnishes, varnishes, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Nail polish remover is one of the most common products that contain acetone. Acetone is used to stabilize acetylene for transport.
use Acetone is used in the manufacture of a large number of compounds, such as acetic acid, chloroform, mesitylacetone, and MIBK; in the manufacture of rayon, film, and explosives; as a general solvent; as a paint and varnish remover; and in the purification of paraffin wax.
use The luminescence intensity of acetone depends on the solution component 1. Acetone absorbs UV light, causing it to photolyze and produce ray 1.
use Solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, varnishes, varnishes, rubber cement. Manufacturing of methyl isobutyl ketone, mesityl acetone, acetic acid (ketene method), diacetone alcohol, chloroform, iodoform, bromoform, explosives, aircraft coatings, rayon, photographic film, isoprene; storage Acetylene gas (approximately 24 times its volume as a gas); extraction of various components from plant and animal matter; used in paint and varnish removers; purified paraffin; tissue hardening and dehydration. Pharmaceutical auxiliaries (solvents).
use Acetone is a solvent considered non-comedogenic and is occasionally used in toners. It is mainly used in nail polish remover. Depending on concentration and frequency of use, it can cause dry skin and be very irritating.
definition ChEBI: A methyl ketone consisting of propane with an oxo group at C2.
production method Acetone can also be produced from isopropanol by various methods, but the main method is catalytic dehydrogenation.
production method Acetone is obtained by fermentation as a by-product of the manufacture of n-butanol, or by chemical synthesis from isopropanol; from cumene as a by-product in the production of phenol; or from propane as a by-product of oxidative cleavage.
reaction NNHC6H5·H2O, solid, melting point 16 °C, anhydrous compound, melting point 42 °C, (9) with semicarbazide to form acetone semicarbazone (CH3) C: NNHCONH2, solid, melting point 189 °C, with methyl iodide Magnesium in anhydrous ether ("Grignard's solution"), reacted with H2O, trimethylmethanol (CH3)3COH, tertiary alcohol, dried with ethanethiol and hydrogen chloride, gave the mercaptan (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, React with hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite solution to obtain chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform CHI3, (13) form secondary alcohol isopropanol (CH3) CHOH with most reducing agents respectively, However, with sodium amalgam, sodium dichromate and H2SO4, pinone (CH3) 2COH COH (CH3) 2 is formed, and acetic acid CH3COOH is added to CO2. When acetone vapor is passed through the tube at dark red heat, the enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed. Anhydrous compound, mp 42°C, (9) with semicarbazide, forming acetone semicarbazone (CH3)C:NNHCONH2, solid, mp 189°C, with methylmagnesium iodide in anhydrous ether ("Grignard solution"), Formed after reaction with H2O, trimethylmethanol (CH3)3COH is a tertiary alcohol, dried with ethanethiol and hydrogen chloride to generate mercaptan (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, and hypochlorite, hypobromite or Hypoiodate solution generates chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform CHI3 respectively, (13) reacts with most reducing agents to generate secondary alcohol isopropanol (CH3) 2CHOH, but reacts with sodium amalgam, and reacts with dichromic acid Sodium and H2SO4 generate pinone (CH3) 2COH·COH·COH(CH3) 2, and generate acetic acid CH3COOH with CO2. When acetone vapor is passed through the tube at dark red heat, the enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed.Anhydrous compound, mp 42°C, (9) with semicarbazide, forming acetone semicarbazone (CH3)C:NNHCONH2, solid, mp 189°C, with methylmagnesium iodide in anhydrous ether ("Grignard solution"), Formed after reaction with H2O, trimethylmethanol (CH3)3COH is a tertiary alcohol, dried with ethanethiol and hydrogen chloride to generate mercaptan (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, and hypochlorite, hypobromite or Hypoiodate solution generates chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform CHI3 respectively, (13) reacts with most reducing agents to generate secondary alcohol isopropanol (CH3) 2CHOH, but reacts with sodium amalgam, and reacts with dichromic acid Sodium and H2SO4 generate pinone (CH3)2COH·COH·COH(CH3)2, which reacts with CO2 to generate acetic acid CH3COOH. When acetone vapor passes through the tube under dark red heat, enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed. Form acetonide semicarbazone (CH3)C:NNHCONH2 with methylmagnesium iodide in anhydrous ether ("Grignard solution"), solid, melting point 189°C, after reacting with H2O, react with ethanethiol to form tertiary alcohol three Methylmethanol (CH3)3COH is dried with hydrogen chloride to generate mercaptan (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, and hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite solution to generate chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform respectively CHI3, (13) forms isopropanol (CH3)2CHOH secondary alcohol with most reducing agents, but forms pinacolone (CH3)2COH COH(CH3)2 with sodium amalgam and acetic acid with sodium dichromate and H2SO4 CH3COOH plus CO2. When acetone vapor passes through the tube under dark red heat, enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed.Form acetone semicarbazone (CH3)C:NNHCONH2 with methylmagnesium iodide in anhydrous ether ("Grignard solution"), solid, melting point 189°C, after reacting with H2O, react with ethanethiol to form tertiary alcohol three Methylmethanol (CH3)3COH is dried with hydrogen chloride to generate mercaptan (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, and hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite solution to generate chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform respectively CHI3, (13) forms isopropanol (CH3)2CHOH secondary alcohol with most reducing agents, but forms pinacolone (CH3)2COH COH(CH3)2 with sodium amalgam and acetic acid with sodium dichromate and H2SO4 CH3COOH plus CO2. When acetone vapor passes through the tube under dark red heat, enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed. Reacts with methylmagnesium iodide ("Grignard solution") in anhydrous ether to produce trimethylmethanol (CH3) 3COH and tertiary alcohols. After drying with ethyl mercaptan and hydrogen chloride, it produces mercaptan (CH3) 2C (SC2H5) 2. Combine with hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite solutions to form chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform CHI3 respectively. (13) Combine with most reducing agents to form secondary alcohol isopropyl alcohol (CH3) 2CHOH. However, it reacts with sodium amalgam to form pinone (CH3)2COH·COH(CH3)2, which reacts with sodium dichromate and H2SO4 to form acetic acid CH3COOH plus CO2. When acetone vapor passes through the tube under dark red heat, enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed. Reacts with methylmagnesium iodide ("Grignard solution") in anhydrous ether to produce trimethylmethanol (CH3) 3COH and tertiary alcohols. After drying with ethyl mercaptan and hydrogen chloride, it produces mercaptan (CH3) 2C (SC2H5) 2. Combine with hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite solutions to form chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform CHI3 respectively. (13) Combine with most reducing agents to form secondary alcohol isopropyl alcohol (CH3) 2CHOH. However, it reacts with sodium amalgam to form pinone (CH3)2COH·COH(CH3)2, which reacts with sodium dichromate and H2SO4 to form acetic acid CH3COOH plus CO2. When acetone vapor passes through the tube under dark red heat, enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed.Generate thiol (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, which can generate chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform CHI3 respectively with hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite solution. (13) It can generate with most reducing agents. Isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH is a secondary alcohol, but it reacts with sodium amalgam to produce pinacone (CH3)2COH·COH(CH3)2, and reacts with sodium dichromate and H2SO4 to produce acetic acid CH3COOH plus CO2. When acetone vapor is passed through the tube at dark red heat, the enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed. Generate thiol (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2, which can generate chloroform CHCl3, bromoform CHBr3 or iodoform CHI3 respectively with hypochlorite, hypobromite or hypoiodite solution. (13) It can generate with most reducing agents. Isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH is a secondary alcohol, but it reacts with sodium amalgam to produce pinacone (CH3)2COH·COH(CH3)2, and reacts with sodium dichromate and H2SO4 to produce acetic acid CH3COOH plus CO2. When acetone vapor is passed through the tube at dark red heat, the enone CH2:CO and methane CH4 are formed.
aroma threshold Detection: 40 to 476 ppm
general instructions Colorless transparent liquid with sweet taste. Flash point 0°F. Density is less than water. Vapor is heavier than air. Used as a solvent in paint and nail polish removers.
air and water reaction Highly flammable. water soluble.
reactive profile 据报道，丙酮和氯仿的混合物在残留物瓶中发生爆炸。由于在碱存在的情况下将丙酮添加到氯仿中会导致高度放热反应，因此丙酮被认为是瓶中的碱[MCA案例历史1661. 1970]。此外，将亚硝酰氯密封在装有丙酮残留物的管子中，在铂催化剂存在下发生爆炸反应[Chem. 工程师。新闻 35(43):60。1967]。亚硝酰高氯酸盐和丙酮反应点燃并爆炸。亚硝酰高氯酸盐和伯胺的混合物会发生爆炸[Ann. 化学。42:2031。1909]。与硝酸 剧烈反应。与醛接触时也会引起放热反应。
健康危害 丙酮的急性毒性较低。高浓度（大于 12,000 ppm）丙酮主要是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂。未适应环境的志愿者接触 500 ppm 丙酮会出现眼睛和鼻腔刺激，但据报道，每天 8 小时接触 1000 ppm 丙酮，除了对眼睛、鼻子和喉咙产生轻微短暂刺激外，不会产生任何影响。因此，对于那些不习惯使用丙酮的人来说，具有良好的警告特性；然而，频繁使用丙酮似乎会使其轻微的刺激性得到缓解。摄入丙酮实际上是无毒的。一名男子吞下200毫升丙酮，1小时后出现昏迷，继而昏迷；12小时后他恢复了知觉。丙酮对皮肤有轻微刺激，长时间接触可能引起皮炎。液体丙酮会产生中度短暂的眼睛刺激。在动物试验中尚未发现丙酮具有致癌性或对生殖或生育能力有影响。
火灾危险 高度易燃：很容易被热、火花或火焰点燃。蒸气可能与空气形成爆炸性混合物。蒸气可能会到达火源并回火。大多数蒸气比空气重。它们会沿着地面扩散并聚集在低处或狭窄区域（下水道、地下室、水箱）。室内、室外或下水道中存在蒸气爆炸危险。流入下水道的径流可能会造成火灾或爆炸危险。容器受热时可能会爆炸。许多液体比水轻。
可燃性和爆炸性 丙酮极易燃烧（NFPA 等级 = 3），其蒸气可以传播相当长的距离到达点火源并“回火”。丙酮蒸气在浓度为 2% 至 13%（按体积计）时与空气形成爆炸性混合物。丙酮火灾应使用二氧化碳或干粉灭火器。
制药应用 丙酮在外用制剂中用作溶剂或助溶剂，并用作湿法制粒的助剂。在配制具有对水敏感的活性成分的片剂时，或在湿法制粒过程中溶解水溶性差的粘合剂时，也可使用丙酮。丙酮也被用于微球制剂中以增强药物释放。由于丙酮的沸点低，丙酮被用于从生药中提取不耐热物质。
工业用途 丙酮是丙烯酸/硝基纤维素汽车漆中有价值的溶剂成分。丙酮是使用偏二氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物配方的薄膜包衣操作中的首选溶剂。可用于这些薄膜包衣操作的其他酮包括甲基异丁基酮、乙基正戊基酮和二异丁基酮。丙酮、MIBK 混合物MEK、甲基戊基酮、乙基正戊基酮和二异丁基酮都是乙烯基树脂共聚物的有用溶剂。溶剂混合物中存在一种蒸发较慢的酮，可以防止快速干燥，改善流动性，并赋予涂层抗发白性。丙酮还用作聚酯树脂中的树脂稀释剂以及树脂反应釜的清洁溶剂。在溶剂工业中，丙酮是聚氨酯、丁腈橡胶和氯丁橡胶工业粘合剂。丙酮是树脂型粘合剂和压敏氯化橡胶粘合剂的主要溶剂。丙酮还可用于从天然产物中提取脂肪、油、蜡和树脂，对润滑油进行脱蜡，以及提取某些精油。丙酮也是制备多种含氧溶剂（包括酮、双丙酮）的重要化学中间体醇、异丙叉丙酮、甲基异丁基酮和异佛尔酮。
安全概况 通过多种途径具有中等毒性。对皮肤和眼睛有严重刺激作用。吸入对人体的全身影响：脑电图变化、碳水化合物代谢变化、鼻腔影响、结膜刺激、呼吸系统影响、恶心和呕吐以及肌肉无力。摄入对人体的全身影响：昏迷、肾损伤和代谢变化。高浓度有麻醉作用。在工业上，除了其脱脂作用引起的皮肤刺激或长时间吸入引起的头痛外，没有报告任何有害影响。实验生殖效应。一种常见的空气污染物。高度易燃液体。火灾、爆炸危险造成的危险灾害隐患；能与氧化性物质发生剧烈反应。与硝酸+硫酸、三氟化溴、亚硝酰氯+铂可能发生爆炸反应，亚硝酰高氯酸酯、铬酰氯、硫代三噻唑高氯酸酯和(2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5三嗪+水)。与 2-甲基-1,3 丁二烯、过氧化氢和过氧单硫酸反应生成爆炸性过氧化物产物。与活性炭、三氧化铬、二氟化二氧+二氧化碳和叔丁醇钾接触时燃烧。与溴仿、氯仿+碱、溴和二氯化硫 剧烈反应。与 CrO、（硝酸 + 乙酸）、NOCl、硝基高氯酸盐、过一硫酸、NaOBr、（硫酸 + 重铬酸钾）、（间二甘醇 + 过氧化氢）、三氯三聚氰胺、空气、HNO3、氯仿和 H2SO4 不相容。灭火时，请使用Con、干粉、酒精泡沫。用于生产滥用药物 5三嗪+水）。与 2-甲基-1,3 丁二烯、过氧化氢和过氧单硫酸反应生成爆炸性过氧化物产物。与活性炭、三氧化铬、二氟化二氧+二氧化碳和叔丁醇钾接触时燃烧。与溴仿、氯仿+碱、溴和二氯化硫 剧烈反应。与 CrO、（硝酸 + 乙酸）、NOCl、硝基高氯酸盐、过一硫酸、NaOBr、（硫酸 + 重铬酸钾）、（间二甘醇 + 过氧化氢）、三氯三聚氰胺、空气、HNO3、氯仿和 H2SO4 不相容。灭火时，请使用Con、干粉、酒精泡沫。用于生产滥用药物 5三嗪+水）。与 2-甲基-1,3 丁二烯、过氧化氢和过氧单硫酸反应生成爆炸性过氧化物产物。与活性炭、三氧化铬、二氟化二氧+二氧化碳和叔丁醇钾接触时燃烧。与溴仿、氯仿+碱、溴和二氯化硫 剧烈反应。与 CrO、（硝酸 + 乙酸）、NOCl、硝基高氯酸盐、过一硫酸、NaOBr、（硫酸 + 重铬酸钾）、（间二甘醇 + 过氧化氢）、三氯三聚氰胺、空气、HNO3、氯仿和 H2SO4 不相容。灭火时，请使用Con、干粉、酒精泡沫。用于生产滥用药物 二氟化二氧+二氧化碳和叔丁醇钾。与溴仿、氯仿+碱、溴和二氯化硫 剧烈反应。与 CrO、（硝酸 + 乙酸）、NOCl、硝基高氯酸盐、过一硫酸、NaOBr、（硫酸 + 重铬酸钾）、（间二甘醇 + 过氧化氢）、三氯三聚氰胺、空气、HNO3、氯仿和 H2SO4 不相容。灭火时，请使用Con、干粉、酒精泡沫。用于生产滥用药物 二氟化二氧+二氧化碳和叔丁醇钾。与溴仿、氯仿+碱、溴和二氯化硫 剧烈反应。与 CrO、（硝酸 + 乙酸）、NOCl、硝基高氯酸盐、过一硫酸、NaOBr、（硫酸 + 重铬酸钾）、（间二甘醇 + 过氧化氢）、三氯三聚氰胺、空气、HNO3、氯仿和 H2SO4 不相容。灭火时，请使用Con、干粉、酒精泡沫。用于生产滥用药物 灭火时，请使用Con、干粉、酒精泡沫。用于生产滥用药物 灭火时，请使用Con、干粉、酒精泡沫。用于生产滥用药物
安全 丙酮被认为具有中等毒性，对皮肤有刺激性，对眼睛有严重刺激性。据报道，其脱脂作用会刺激皮肤，长时间吸入可能会导致头痛。吸入丙酮会产生全身反应，如结膜刺激、呼吸系统影响、恶心和呕吐。
LD 50 （小鼠，口服）：3.0 g/kg
LD 50 （小鼠，IP）：1.297 g/kg
LD 50 （兔子，口服）：5.340 g/kg
LD 50 （兔子，皮肤）：0.2 g/kg
LD 50 （大鼠，IV）：5.5 g/kg
LD 50 （大鼠，口服）：5.8 g/kg
合成 通过发酵，或通过异丙醇、枯烯或丙烷的化学合成
潜在接触 它用作洗甲水和许多其他化学品的溶剂。用于生产润滑油以及作为制造氯仿以及各种药物和农药的中间体。
致癌性 丙酮可能具有弱遗传毒性，但大多数检测结果呈阴性。7 在小鼠皮肤涂漆研究中，丙酮不具有致瘤性。
2003 年 ACGIH 丙酮阈值时间加权平均值 (TLV-TWA) 为 750ppm (1780mg/m3)，短期偏差水平为 1000ppm (2380mg/m3)。
来源 自然存在于血液和尿液中，浓度较低。据报告存在于香烟烟雾（1,100 ppm）和汽油尾气（2.3 至 14.0 ppm）中（引自 Verschueren，1983 年）。
丙酮天然存在于许多植物物种中，包括楔形土耳其香叶 (Satureja cuneifolia)、猫薄荷 (Nepetaracemosa)、Guveyoto (Origanum sipyleum) 和 Topukcayi 芽 (Micromeria myrtifolia)，浓度分别为 20、2、2 和 0.1 (Baser)等，1992、1993；Ozek 等，1992；Tumen，1991）。土耳其甘草（Calamintha nepeta ssp. mudulosa）（Kirimer 等，1992）、菠萝、花椰菜叶、茶叶、西印度柠檬草、曼陀罗、大豆、胡萝卜、月桂叶、啤酒花、苹果、西红柿中也检测到了丙酮。 、水薄荷叶、苜蓿、梨、水稻、白桑葚、三叶草胡椒和玫瑰（Duke，1992）。许多森林植物物种也排放丙酮（Isidorov 等，1985）。
在柴油中检测到丙酮的浓度为 22,000 μg/g（Schauer 等，1999）。4,080 英里后，被鉴定为废机油 (10-30W) 顶部空间的氧化降解产物（Levermore 等，2001）。汽车尾气中也检测到了丙酮，其浓度范围为 0.09 至 4.50 mg/m 3 （Grimaldi 等人，1996 年），香烟烟雾中的丙酮浓度范围为 498 至 869 mg/m 3 （Euler 等人，1996 年）。
加州第二阶段重新配制的汽油动力汽车（带和不带催化转化器）的气相尾气排放率分别为 1.19 和 42 毫克/公里（Schauer 等人，2002 年）。
Vereecken 和 Peeters (2000) 报道丙酮是由 α-蒎烯和大气中的 OH 自由基反应形成的。该反应的丙酮产率为 8.5%，这与现有的实验数据一致。
绍尔等人。(2001) 测量了松树、橡树和桉树住宅（壁炉）燃烧中挥发性有机化合物、气相半挥发性有机化合物和颗粒相有机化合物的有机化合物排放率。丙酮的气相排放率为：松木燃烧749毫克/千克，橡木燃烧462毫克/千克，桉树燃烧79毫克/千克。
环境命运 生物。 经过 20 至 25 小时的滞后时间，丙酮在活性污泥 (30 mg/L) 中以 0.016 至 0.020/h 的速率常数降解（Urano 和 Kato，1986）。土壤细菌可以将丙酮矿化为二氧化碳（Taylor 等人，1980）。布里迪等人。(1979) 报告称，使用生物卫生废物处理厂过滤后的废水，BOD 和 COD 值为 1.85 和 1.92 g/g。这些值是使用标准稀释方法在 20 °C 下测定 5 d 的。同样，Heukelekian 和 Rand (1955) 报道的 5 天 BOD 值为 0.85 g/g，是 ThOD 值 2.52 g/g 的 38.5%。瓦吉等人。(1994) 报告 5、15 和 28 天的 BOD 值分别为 14%、74% 和 74%。使用 BOD 技术测量生物降解性，平均 5 天 BOD 值（mM BOD/mM 丙酮）和 ThOD 分别为 1.52 和 38.0%（Vaishnav 等，1987）。
光解性。 丙酮在空气中光解产生一氧化碳和自由基，但在异丙醇中会形成频哪醇（Calvert 和 Pitts，1966）。丙酮蒸气与二氧化氮通过汞灯进行光解，得到主要产物过氧乙酰硝酸酯和少量的硝酸甲酯（Warneck 和 Zerbach，1992）。
化学/物理。 出于消毒目的对水进行氯化而形成的次氯酸根离子可能与丙酮反应形成氯仿。该反应预计在 6 至 7 的 pH 范围内显着（Stevens 等，1976）。
贮存 丙酮只能在没有火源的区域使用，大于 1 升的丙酮应储存在密封的金属容器中，并与氧化剂分开。
船运 UN1090 丙酮，危险等级：3；标签： 3-易燃液体
纯化方法 通过异丙醇催化脱氢来商业制备丙酮可得到相对纯净的材料。分析试剂质量通常含有低于 1% 的有机杂质，但可能含有高达约 1% 的 H2O。干燥的丙酮具有明显的吸湿性。丙酮中的主要有机杂质是异丙丙酮，由羟醛缩合形成。可用无水CaSO4、K2CO3或4A型林德分子筛干燥，然后蒸馏。硅胶和氧化铝，或弱酸性或碱性干燥剂使丙酮发生羟醛缩合，从而通过这些试剂增加其含水量。当使用 P2O5 或钠汞齐时，也会在一定程度上发生这种情况。无水MgSO4是一种低效的干燥剂，并且CaCl2形成加成化合物。Drierite（无水 CaSO4）为羟醛形成提供最小的酸和碱催化作用，是该溶剂的推荐干燥剂 [Coetzee & Siao Inorg Chem 14 2 1987, Riddick & Bunger Organic Solvents Wiley-Interscience, NY, 3rd edn, 1970]。丙酮可以与 Drierite (25g/L) 一起摇动几个小时，然后通过高效的色谱柱从新鲜的 Drierite (10g/L) 中倾析和蒸馏，通过 Drierite 干燥管保持大气接触。平衡含水量约为10-2M。无水 Mg(ClO4)2 不应用作干燥剂，因为存在与丙酮蒸气发生爆炸的危险。将 4g AgNO3 的 30mL 水加入到 1L 丙酮中，然后加入 10mL M NaOH，振摇 10 分钟，过滤，从丙酮中除去有机杂质，用无水 CaSO4 干燥并蒸馏 [Werner Analyst (London) 58 335 1933]。或者，将少量的 KMnO4 连续添加到回流的丙酮中，直到紫色持续存在，然后干燥和蒸馏。还使用了三氧化铬 (CrO3) 回流。通过与溴甲烷共沸蒸馏（35℃）并用乙酰氯处理，从丙酮中除去甲醇。通过将100g细粉状NaI溶解在400g沸腾丙酮中，然后在冰和盐中冷却至-8℃，可以将少量丙酮纯化为NaI加成化合物。滤出 NaI.3Me2CO 晶体，在烧瓶中加热后，丙酮很容易蒸馏出来。[该方法比使用亚硫酸氢盐加成化合物的方法更方便。] 它还通过气相色谱法在 20% 游离脂肪酸邻苯二甲酸酯（Chromosorb P）柱上于 100o 进行纯化。有关干燥剂干燥丙酮的效率，请参见 Burfield 和 Smithers [J Org Chem 43 3966 1978]。丙酮的水含量可以通过改进的卡尔费休滴定法测定[Koupparis & Malmstadt Anal Chem 54 1914 1982]。[Beilstein 1 IV 3180.] 快速程序：用无水 CaSO4 干燥并蒸馏。
毒性评价 丙酮甚至从水和土壤中也会迅速蒸发。一旦进入大气中，它就会通过光解作用降解，在这种反应中，自由基参与或被湿沉积物去除。由于它与水混溶，它是一种重要的地下水污染物。
不兼容性 丙酮与氧化剂、氯化溶剂和碱混合物剧烈反应。与二氯化硫、叔丁醇钾和六氯三聚氰胺剧烈反应。丙酮不应该用作碘的溶剂，因为它形成一种对眼睛极度刺激的挥发性化合物。
废物处理 请咨询环境监管机构，获取有关可接受处置实践的指导。含有该污染物（≥100 kg/mo）的废物产生者必须符合 EPA 关于储存、运输、处理和废物处置的规定。焚化。
监管状况 包含在 FDA 非活性成分数据库中（吸入溶液；口服片剂；外用制剂）。列入加拿大可接受的非药用成分清单。包含在英国许可的非胃肠道药物中。

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