1-cyanoguanidine (dicyandiamide)
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Dicyanodiamine, abbreviated as dicy or DCD. It is an organic substance with the chemical formula c2h4n4. It is a dimer of cyanamide and a cyano derivative of guanidine. Chemical formula c2h4n4. White crystal powder. Soluble in water, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, almost insoluble in ether and benzene. Stable when dry. It is a guanidine in which one amino hydrogen of the guanidine itself is replaced by a cyano group. It is used to make fertilizers, medicines, explosives, oil well drilling mud and dyes.
| chemical properties | White powder |
| use | Dicyandiamide is a guanidine derivative used in the synthesis of barbiturates and in the plastics industry (to make melamine). |
| use | In the plastics industry (manufacturing of melamine). In the pharmaceutical industry (barbiturates, guanidine derivatives). |
| use | Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of barbiturates. Used as a stabilizer for ammonium dinitramide melt. It is used as a hardener. |
| application | Dicyanodiamine, abbreviated as dicy or DCD. It is an organic substance with the chemical formula c2h4n4. It is a dimer of cyanamide and a cyano derivative of guanidine. Chemical formula c2h4n4. White crystal powder. Soluble in water, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, almost insoluble in ether and benzene. Stable when dry. It is a guanidine in which one amino hydrogen of the guanidine itself is replaced by a cyano group. It is used to make fertilizers, medicines, explosives, oil well drilling mud and dyes. It has the functions of curing agent, flame retardant, fertilizer, explosive and nitrification inhibitor. It is a member of the guanidine and nitrile groups. The application of nitrification inhibitors has become a strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce N2O emissions in rice. As a widely used nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD) can inhibit the activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, resulting in prolonged ammonium state retention time, thereby reducing the yield of NO2 in soil? Studies have found that DCD efficacy is related to DCD concentration, temperature, humidity, pH and organic matter content. Research shows that leaching of DCD from agricultural soils into aquatic ecosystems can strongly alter the community composition of benthic stream bacteria and algae and affect stream nutrient cycling stoichiometry. |
| production method | Dicyandiamide is produced by the dimerization of cyanamide in aqueous solution. The resulting 25% cyanamide solution was adjusted to pH 8-9 and maintained at approximately 80°C for 2 hours to achieve complete conversion. The hot liquid was filtered and transferred to a vacuum crystallizer, where it was cooled. Crystals or dicyandiamide are separated in a continuous centrifuge and sent to a rotary dryer. In 1990, the total global output of dicyandiamide was about 30,000 tons. |
| definition | ChEBI: Cyanoguanidine is a guanidine in which one amino hydrogen of the guanidine itself is replaced by a cyano group. It is used to make fertilizers, medicines, explosives, oil well drilling mud and dyes. It has the functions of curing agent, flame retardant, fertilizer, explosive and nitrification inhibitor. It is a member of the guanidine and nitrile groups. |
| general instructions | Dicyandiamide is commonly used in the curing of epoxy resins. It is a nitrification inhibitor that is said to reduce nitrate (NO 3- ) leaching and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from grazing pasture soils . |
| Flammability and explosiveness | non-flammable |
| synthesis | Filter the calcium hydrogen cyanide suspension obtained by hydrolysis of calcium cyanamide under reduced pressure to remove the calcium hydroxide filter residue, and then pass carbon dioxide into the filtrate to precipitate the calcium in the form of calcium carbonate to obtain a cyanamide ammonia solution. Polymerize under alkaline conditions, then filter, cool, crystallize, separate and dry to obtain dipolycyanamide. The temperature at which the maximum rate of dicyandiamide is formed is related to pH: pH 9.7 at 50°C; pH 9.1 at 80°C; pH 8.8 at 100°C. After controlled polymerization under this condition, the finished dicyandiamide can be obtained through cooling, crystallization, separation and drying. The dicyandiamide content in industrial products is 99%. |
| Purification method | Recrystallize cyanoguanidine from water or ethanol. [Berstein 3 IV 160. ] |
| Dicyandiamide Upstream and Downstream Product Information |
| raw material | Activated carbon --> Calcium hydroxide --> Calcium carbonate --> Calcium cyanamide --> Cyanamide |
| Preparation products | Metsulfuron --> Melamine --> Chlorsulfuron -->Guidine Nitrate --> Tensulfuron --> 2-Amino-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine --> 4-Methoxy-N , 6 -dimethyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine --> Isoladine --> DPX-T5648 --> Phenformin-- > Amidinothiourea --> Moroxidine-->Benzoguanamine -- > Color Fixing Agent M --> Color Fixing Agent G --> Color Fixing Agent Y --> 1,3,5-Triazine , 2-Phenyl-(9CI) --> guanidine sulfamate --> resin tanning agent RS --> synthetic tanning agent MR-102 --> metformin hydrochloride --> dicyandiaminoformaldehyde condensate --> Phenformin hydrochloride |
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